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 Editor's note: 6-9 October 2006, the world more than 6,000 gathered in Minneapolis landscape architect, by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) and the International Union of Landscape Architects (IFLA) jointly hosted the 2006 American landscape architect and 43 th annual meeting of the International Landscape Architects World Congress. the theme of Art - new understanding of landscape architecture. Foreword China is in the reconstruction of rural and urban landscape important historical period. urbanization, globalization and materialism CD to the landscape design for decades to study proposed three major challenges: energy , Resources and the challenges of sustainable environmental crisis brought on the challenge of Chinese cultural identity, the challenge of rebuilding the spirit of faith. Landscape Architecture in solving the worldwide problem of the three advantages and importance of research and performance in its the object of work is an operational interface that landscape. in the landscape screen, a variety of natural and biological processes, historical and cultural process, and social and mental processes occur and interact, and landscape design in nature is to coordinate these processes science and art. International Landscape Architects Union, Xi Masha. Act Cadogan (Martha Fajardo), said the good: The design and control of the media a special status, and a bright future belongs only to people who are prepared. In order to have the ability to landscape architecture to meet these challenges, the report focuses on landscape architecture answers the challenges and opportunities facing the contemporary landscape Design of the mission and goals, and landscape design disciplines and professional development measures and other issues. a land where, to tell you, as a landscape design of the poet Tao Yuan-ming (AD 365-427) describes a fisherman boats sailing along the brook, the two sides peach fallen flowers, I do not know Road, near and far, to make the mountain out of the water through a small cave, suddenly in front, this is hidden in After Hill's people with food and wine hospitality this intruder, like a brother the same. When the fisherman to leave here, I want to return again, the paradise was no longer seek its trace. We have experienced, but in today's China still a lot that can be called such as floods, droughts, earthquakes, landslides, mudslides and other natural disasters, as well as in the home, land reclamation, cultivation, irrigation, planting and other aspects of experience, have taught our ancestors how to build and maintain the entire villages, leaving behind piles of bones. [2] in the tragic moment, the youngest son of a woman holding arms, knees, his back call sign, pray for God's coming. The gods are looking forward to it Yu, he How to choose a safe home for the people, reclaimed farmland in the right place, because of this, he called the Planning, Chinese god of the earth. is also a party to the soil and water due to active treatment was regarded as the god of those places, such as Dujiangyan's Li Bing and his son repair . they know God is about, dig deep beaches, shallow weir to jade for the degree, lead the Minjiang water; more towns and villages throughout the geographic size of warlocks, Yang Guan Sky, with observed topography, Buju beings for the vast hole debate , with the mountains and forests to the basalt, Suzaku, Dragon, White Tiger, and monsters. that is why, over the land of China, for the gods are living everywhere, and everywhere is full of people and adapt to the forces of nature in harmony with Emmanuel. until In modern times, who had witnessed China's vast rural landscape of the Western missionaries town and travelers, all with ;, a design and monitoring of land and rule the country with a combination of artistic way. Unfortunately, our culture does not value the upper from the survival of this art, full of poetry, the real paradise, because it and suffering a labor and survival associated with lower culture is inferior and civilians linked to culture. two thousand years, emperors were no longer as Yu-land and the people that care, the true Peach Blossom Spring 'in the rice fields and orchards and other farmland associated with the survival of the U.S. pool, creating a big fake, empty paradise, and was justified: the garden art. Alas, the number of bookstores in the country on China's books full of garden art On the shelves of Chinese culture, it is difficult to find a real paradise on the books in China. a long time, Western scholars, intentionally or unintentionally provided a site to the world the illusion that people thought the Chinese garden art - This false wrapped with the same foot long history of art City, China Finally, an ancient village springs, the city streets for irrigation plants, in creating a false paradise, while contemporary, but squandered a real paradise on earth, China. (Figure 3-7) Second, the disappearance of Utopia: Landscape Design challenges and opportunities facing cities in China in the context of rapid economic development, agriculture quickly exit the social and economic dominance; Similarly, agricultural technology and agricultural breeding on the survival of civilization and land care, and daily, with the local landscape art The decline of .20 since the early 90's century, China the rise of a Edge: ecological integrity of the destruction, loss of sense of belonging and cultural and historical heritage disappear. agricultural age of paradise will inevitably to decline. From a historical point of view, this process of decline began 2,000 years ago, garden art. Art of Survival of the land once the design and landscape art, degenerated into emperors and literati of the Yuan Ye frustrated the art of entertainment, no different from fighting crickets and revel in the continuation and spread, or violation; groundwater extraction is still used daily by large numbers of wait blooming flowers, and let the dust storms continue to erode the fertile beauty pool and city. (Figure 2) with the old days, will come, that is, how in the contemporary reconstruction of the harmonious relationship between people and land. in by globalization, urbanization and materialism of the times characterized, the Contemporary Landscape Design, Landscape Design, the world faces the following three major challenges and opportunities: 1. One of the challenges: we can do for sustainable development? the next 20 years, 1.3 billion are 65% of the population will live in cities (currently living in the city's population was about 41%). more than 660 cities in China, two-thirds of the urban water shortage in our cities and villages almost no one flowing rivers are not polluted; in China, most of the rivers on the building height of 15 meters above the dam 25,800 Block, representing more than half of the world's total number of dams; than in the past, contemporary China has more people are under the threat of natural disasters; desertification seriously than ever before, every year 3,436 square kilometers of land into the desert, at present, the total area of desertification, the total land area of 20%, and increasing every year; every year nearly 50 million tons of soil erosion [5-7]. China over the past 50 years, 50% The loss of wetlands; groundwater levels are falling every day. to Beijing, for example, its volume is 110% over-exploitation of groundwater, water table speed of 1 meter each year drop. [8] for several years, China is the world's annual consumption of steel more than 50% of total consumption, more than 30% of cement, but they have been used where it? They are used to build a large commemorative plaza and buildings, the river was used to the natural substrate, to weir dam.'s rapid economic development at the cost of environmental damage. Over the past 20 years, China's GDP growth in most cities are very impressive, but at the same time every year because of environmental and ecological damage caused by the loss of the total GDP has accounted for 7% -20% volume, which is equivalent to the amount of annual growth in GDP, even higher. [6] people have to ask: we can in an increasingly deteriorating environment and ecology survive? must recognize that these ecological and environmental destruction is not inevitable. The lack of informed planning and decision-making, especially on the land as the core of integrated design disciplines, the absence of landscape design is an important reason. unprecedented in meeting these challenges, Landscape Design What kind of role should play? These background led us back to the landscape design as a China into the rapid social transformation, the Chinese nation is facing the crisis of loss of cultural identity. Traditionally, China's cultural identity is based on the feudal dynasties of the economic, social and political order above. Indeed, when we look at Look was listed as World Heritage National Heritage and most items can be found: is considered to represent the heritage of Chinese culture, in fact, imperial and literati are mostly a product of upper class culture. I do not deny their success, but we really need to ask Ask yourself: This was the feudal upper class is also able to represent the cultural landscape of our national cultural identity today? in Urban Design the loss of cultural identity crisis of this was particularly evident. many foreign designers in the land of China wantonly ;, What? This is contemporary China, the landscape architect should be thinking about the world the important issue of .3. Challenge three: After the great changes and old, will become a God, there are elves dwelling; when a stone home with us, the course of time has become God, elves inhabit, our mountains, water, and land itself is it not? ancestors who built the temple shrine to worship the gods of nature and sages, bless them happiness and good health of future generations. We believe that these spirits have blessed our earthly life, but also believe that our future needs of the spirit of the guidelines. precisely because of those beliefs and spiritual There, our life is full of meaning. Over the past few years, China has nearly 40 million farmers lost their land and land on everything, including the carrier of the spirit, that number is 200 million per year rate of growth, where they belong to ? laid-off workers who, for these Each element, including our graves. I can not understand why the process of urban development can not be retained in the past, the soul of these habitats and the spiritual home of contemporary people. U.S. is the first park cemetery, and is still the most attractive resting place; in our land, in the past the village before the sacred and significant streams and ponds are not being filled, that is to be the name of flood control drainage of the cement; sustenance ancestral beliefs of feng shui trees were shaved branches, as the urban landscape on the road, idyllic era in farming being. corresponds to a highly industrialized, modern, globalized society, we should create a new, adapted to modern society paradise. Landscape Architecture is to achieve this the most appropriate professional, at a time when China, the development of landscape architecture is the world's most appropriate time, the most appropriate place. West said: drop any in he died Mission and strategy to face the deteriorating ecological environment, the loss of cultural identity and spiritual connection between man and land-breaking, contemporary landscape architecture must take to rebuild, globalization, industrialization era design of the new because the landscape is a heaven, earth, human, God, the interface interaction in this interface, a variety of natural and biological, historical and cultural, social and spiritual interaction with the process occurred. excellent naturalists, biologist Edward. Wilson once said: in the biological protection, layout, still a good conservation of biological diversity. wise landscape design not only to achieve economic and aesthetic, and can well protect the biological and natural. also to the entire country for their own cultural identity and ownership. [10] landscape is home to the foundation, but also the basis for a sense of belonging. [11] in dealing with environmental issues, cultural identity and the reconstruction of people regain the spiritual links to , landscape architecture is perhaps the most should play its capacity of the subjects. Landscape Design This status comes from its inherent link with the natural systems, from its environment to adapt to the local farming traditional roots, from the the formation of thousands of years, and the diversity of the natural environment adapt to the The landscape is Design What principles should be followed? I emphasize three principles: design respect for nature, people pursue self-interest at the same time, protect the integrity of natural processes and patterns; design of respect, including as a biological human needs; Design care needs of the human spirit, caring individuals, families and social groups to contact the spirit of the land and sustenance. The three on the land, people, spiritual principles, requirements of contemporary landscape architecture must adjust its own position and values. who we are, we come from, will determine our future; our values, what we value in turn determines where we should protect and create what kind of landscape. solve these problems, I have three points: (1) regression Landscape Architecture as a discipline, we must re-examine their origin. We must return to and we talk about your home garden. Do not ask us how to save your kindred spirits about dead trees. These little things do not need fur to us ask for advice, we want to tell you is a matter of survival. Miller and Pardal, 1992) in half a century ago, the late distinguished educator of Landscape Architecture, Sasaki told us: important area, and another road leading to superficial decoration is carved insects Subtotal Studies are moving in the direction of the latter. We should have some of the more pressing environmental issues play a more important role, these pressing environmental issues, including flood control and water management, biodiversity conservation, cultural heritage protection and land protection and management. We have and are losing the art of landscape design as a survival. (Figure 3-7) in the past, landscape architecture exists in the positioning of a fatal weakness, one of the most important reason is that it is still the itself as a continuation of the ancient garden art, this is a big mistake. rich garden heritage garden art and many theoretical works not only failed to help the landscape design of a modern discipline, but distort or mask the real subject of landscape design content. now is not a statement of Landscape Architecture, the continuation of garden art and the product's time. Landscape Architecture is a living process of our ancestors have accumulated all sorts of survival in the art of crystallization, these arts from a variety of environments for adaptation, looking away from the intrusive process of flooding and the enemy from the land measuring, land reclamation, cultivation, irrigation, saving water and other resources for sustainable living and life practice. the landscape need to find [11] and landscape architecture also needs to rediscover. This means that in order to gain wide acceptance in this subject, more international efforts are necessary, through a strong example to demonstrate how the landscape architecture and solutions in the governance environment played a leading role in survival. (2) the local and the unusual: return to the real relationship between people and land on the native soil, I mean the daily and ordinary, vernacular and dialects, is the ordinary people and ordinary things, it is relative to the luxury and unusual terms. to rebuild the cultural sense of belonging and the spiritual connection between man and land, we must cherish the culture of ordinary people, concerned about their everyday needs, in terms of value for the land at the foot of the common things to be true. From the first Chinese a royal garden and the beginning of a literary landscape, local culture has been ignored upper. singularity, affectation and ostentation to become the mainstream of the garden, they are unusual with the surrounding environment and the marketplace of life very different. In the unusual ocean, creating a bizarre, is collected on behalf of exotic flowers. two thousand years, the Chinese imperial gardens and private gardens begin with recruiting plants, rocks known. this abnormality, the upper garden culture, movements to the Qing Dynasty's Summer Palace can be described to the peak, she was in the south of China and the Western landscape gardening income aristocratic Jane adventures. but her greatest contribution is to accelerate, witnessed the demise of the feudal dynasty in China. Western powers of a fire, making it the decline of the feudal representatives of Chinese culture in luxury, a feudal dynasty permanently buried. sweeping China today, China's own hypocrisy, empty, abnormal extension of the traditional garden is closing Jane adventures, hypocrisy, ostentation, far from the homeland, contempt for the public hobby Find the style of art in the meaningless, meaningless and illusory form of abnormal mood, in the false are the same, until recently did we find the city's elite, like the general public as being an increasingly troubled by the deteriorating environment, the environment and the survival of their problems even more than in remote rural farmers more serious, therefore, return to Art, Now to return to the land of Landscape Architecture, restore such as the floods droughts, landslides experience, location in town, planning and design, land cultivation, food production, the cumulative survival of art, reconstruction of cultural and spiritual sense of belonging to the key contact time. (3) to lead the development of the landscape: , and established in the city before construction and development plans and design of the landscape by identifying the ecological, cultural heritage, and open infrastructure, guidance and confined to urban development, namely the establishment of ecological infrastructure (Ecological Infrastructure). EI to protect the safety of the ecological process and health, protect our regional characteristics and cultural identity, rebuilding the spiritual connection between man and land. [14-15] The traditional model is the spread of urban development-style expansion. for a long time, the green belt and green wedge is considered to prevent urban sprawl of the landscape structure was incorporated into the overall urban planning. the Washington area in the United States and China in various cities, there are indications that: trying to plan green belt and green wedge to prevent the spread of the city ending the practice is a failure. reasons for failure are the following: 1) too casual, the green space between the elements and lack the necessary land and water habitats links; 2) up to poor and difficult to close, the lack of green space and building an organic link between the low utilization rate; 3 ) be deemed to prevent the city and barriers against the spread, single function, such as the lack of flood protection, heritage conservation, habitat protection and recreation and the integration of commuter and other integrated functions; 4) when the external development pressure increases, the green quickly be speculative and rent-seeking space; 5) They are all compartmentalized style administration division, fragmentation, it is difficult to achieve due effect; integrated ecological security pattern, and the various ecosystem services, cultural heritage protection and spiritual connection between man and land, through a complete and continuous ecological infrastructure to integrate and play urban ecological security, cultural identity and spiritual sustenance of the function. [ ,],[. from view of the city in terms of scale, EI region within the structure will be extended to the cities, and urban green space system, rainwater management, leisure, bicycle access, daily walking and commuting, heritage protection and environmental education, and other functions combined. From the micro-scale in terms of location, EI will be used as the limiting conditions of urban land development and guidance factors, the implementation of the local design of the city. EI interactions for a variety of process media, connected to the natural, human and spirit. In protect the integrity of the ecological environment, the establishment of cultural belonging and provide people with spiritual needs, the landscape is an effective security model. Taizhou, Zhejiang, China's thousands of years, our ancestors and continue to compete with the harmony of nature as to obtain the right to life, which will be born the art of landscape design, a living art, it vividly reflects the interaction between man and nature, and contact record people's emotions. knowledge, technology, together with a credible relationship between people and land, so that people spent one impasse after another, to cultivate a sense of belonging and people's cultural and spiritual ties to the land, so that people can survive but also significance. The knowledge and skills related to survival is the core of landscape architecture. and this door garden art has to a certain extent, reflect the man-land relationship, but that is one-sided, many or even false. In this new era, the balance between man and nature was broken once again, the old era of will disappear, once again facing a crisis of human survival. We must establish a new harmonious relationship between people and land to survive the crisis, including environmental and ecological crisis, the loss of cultural identity crisis and spiritual crisis, lost their homes. This is an unprecedented opportunity for landscape architecture, landscape architecture should be to restore it as a qualified for this role, Landscape Design, garden designer must completely abandon the hypocritical and empty, return to the true, the coordination between people and land of the and to develop their own, without getting lost in the illusion of China's problem is to become the world's problems, to solve China's problems, in the sense that the world is to solve the problem, so, China will also landscape architecture Landscape Design is the world. References [1] Fajardo, Martha, Preamble [M]. Yu, LI Dihua. Landscape Design: professional and education. Beijing: China Building Industry Press ,2005:1-6. [2] Zheng-Kai Xia, Yang Xiaoyan. Qinghai prehistoric site of La disaster events home preliminary study [J]. Science Bulletin, 2003,48 (11) :1200-1204. [3] Boerschmann, E, (trans. L. Hamilton), Picturesque China, Architecture and Landscape, Based on travels in China. London: T. FisherUnwin Ltd., 1930. [4] March, AL. An Appreciation of Chinese Geomancy. [J] Journal of Asian Studies. 1968, XXVII, pp. 253-267. [5] Gao-Ming Jiang Liu Meizhen, dust storms [M] . Academy of Social Sciences Research Center for Environment and Development. China Environment and Development Review. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2004, Vol.2 ,310-320. [6] had Hau Man, environmental pollution and ecological destruction of the economic loss [M] . Academy of Social Sciences Research Center for Environment and Development. China Environment and Development Review, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2004 Vol.2 :53-71. [7] Zhao Kexing, Huang Ping, Yang Chaofei, over Hau Man. China Environment and Development Situation Analysis [M]. Academy of Social Sciences Research Center for Environment and Development. China Environment and Development Review. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2004, Vol.2 :23-50. [8] Chen Kelin, Lu Yong, Zhang Xiaohong. no Wetland no water [M]. Academy of Social Sciences Research Center for Environment and Development. China Environment and Development Review. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2004, Vol.2 :296-309. [9] Wilson, O. Edward. The Diversity of Life [M]. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. [10] Girot, Christophe, Four Trace Concepts in Landscape Architecture [M]. James, Corner, Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press, 1999 :59-67. [11] Corner, James.Recovering Landscape as a Critical Cultural Practice [M]. James, Corner, Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. [12] Miller EL, and Pardal, S., The Classic MeHarg, ...